Which of the following could lead to a steering misalignment?

Steering misalignment can often be caused by the replacement of suspension components. The suspension system is intricately connected to the steering mechanism, and any changes or repairs to parts like control arms, struts, or bushings can alter the alignment of the steering. If these components are not installed properly or if they change the geometry of the suspension, it can lead to misalignment, resulting in issues like uneven tire wear, pulling to one side, or difficulty in steering.

Replacing the tires, while it can affect handling, typically does not cause misalignment unless the tires are not matched properly in size or tread. Changing the oil and replacing the battery are unrelated to the steering and suspension systems; they generally do not impact vehicle alignment at all.